A Discussion of Zhuge Liang and Liu Bowen.

 　　Zhuge Liang divided the world into three kingdoms, Liu Bowen unified the country. Zhuge Liang was the strategist of the previous dynasty, Liu Bowen the strategist of the later dynasty. Zhuge Liang helped Liu Bei divide the world into three kingdoms, Liu Bowen helped Zhu Yuanzhang unify China. It seems Liu Bowen's achievements far surpass Zhuge Liang's. Zhuge Liang launched six expeditions to Qishan, but failed to restore the Han dynasty and destroy Cao Wei, a regret of his life. Liu Bowen, though he helped his lord achieve imperial power, died mysteriously in the eighth year of the Hongwu reign. Zhuge Liang's ambitions remained unfulfilled, Liu Bowen died with unfulfilled hopes. Both men possessed unparalleled talent and are models for strategists throughout history. In terms of self-preservation, Liu Bowen was inferior to Zhuge Liang. In terms of military talent, Zhuge Liang was inferior to Liu Bowen. Both men possessed extraordinary talent and the ability to turn the tide of history. Liu Bowen was not only a politician and military strategist, but also an outstanding writer. His literary achievements were probably unmatched by Zhuge Liang. This shows that both of them have their own strengths.

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